INTRODUCTION. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) generates mRNA isoforms with alternative 3 untranslated regions; these isoforms modulate protein abundance and functionality, including through subcellular localization of mRNA and translation. Occurring in over 60% of human genes, alternative polyadenylation (APA) results in numerous transcripts with differing 3'ends, thus greatly expanding the diversity of mRNAs and of proteins derived from a single gene. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (2022)Cite this article. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing approach in human embryonic stem cell APA is . 1 The Musashi proteins contain two N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) that bind to target mRNAs through a Musashi binding . The expression of alternative 3 UTR isoforms is highly cell type specific and is further controlled in a gene-specific manner by environmental cues. The underlying mechanisms comprise isoform-specific post-transcriptional regulation, transcription factor driven expression of specific isoform, co-transcriptional recruitment of RNA binding proteins that regulate mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation, and, to a lesser extent, cell subtype-specific expression. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with alternative 3 untranslated regions (UTRs). 2022 Jul 7. doi: 10.1038/s41580-022-00507-5. Recent studies have demonstrated that APA is dynamically regulated during development and in response to environmental stimuli. The expression of alternative 3' UTR isoforms is highly cell type specific and is further controlled in a gene-specific manner by environmental cues. Musashi Cell Context-Specific mRNA Targets. The mRNA polyadenylation plays essential function in regulation of mRNA metabolism. Under the action of polyadenylate polymerase, poly(A) tail is synthesized after the polyadenylation signal (PAS) sites on the mRNAs. It has recently been shown that CFIm25, a canonical mRNA 3' processing factor, could play a variety of physiological roles through its molecular function in the regulation of mRNA alternative polyadenylation (APA). Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with alternative 3 untranslated regions (UTRs). Publications related to biomolecular condensates, phase separation, llps and more. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) generates mRNA isoforms with alternative 3 untranslated regions . Abstract. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with alternative 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). The expression of alternative 3' UTR isoforms is highly cell type specific and is further controlled in a gene-specific manner by environmental cues. As a key molecular mechanism, APA is involved in various gene regulation steps including mRNA maturation, mRNA stability, cellular RNA decay, and protein diversification. Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with alternative 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with alternative 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). The expression of alternative 3' UTR isoforms is highly cell type specific and is further controlled in a gene-specific manner by environmental cues. The majority of eukaryotic genes produce multiple mRNA isoforms with distinct 3 ends through a process called mRNA alternative polyadenylation (APA). The expression of alternative 3' UTR isoforms is highly cell type specific and is further controlled in a gene-specific manner by environmental cues. . In this Review, we discuss how the dynamic, fine-grained regulation of APA is accomplished by . Two Musashi isoforms are present in vertebrates, Musashi1 and Musashi2. APA is modulated by signalling pathways that control co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional . Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with alternative 3" untranslated regions. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAlternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with alternative 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Multiple mRNA isoforms with different coding sequences or 3UTRs can be produced via alternative polyadenylation (APA), which plays an essential role in the complexity of the transcriptome . Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with alternative 3 untranslated regions . This Review discusses how the dynamic, fine-grained regulation of APA is accomplished by several mechanisms, including cis-regulatory elements in RNA and DNA and factors that control transcription, pre-mRNA cleavage and post-transcriptional processes. The expression of alternative 3 UTR isoforms is highly cell type specific and is further controlled in a gene-specific manner by environmental cues. Request PDF | Context-specific regulation and function of mRNA alternative polyadenylation | Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) is a widespread mechanism to generate mRNA isoforms with . Alternative polyadenylation (APA) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) has emerged as a fundamental layer of gene regulation and is thought to contribute to the tuning of at least 70% of all mammalian mRNA-coding genes (1, 2).APA greatly expands the transcript diversity through utilization of multiple polyadenylation signals (PAS) that lead to expression of mRNA isoforms with varying 3 . 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