[234] Most of the chronicles carry some bias for or against Stephen, Robert of Gloucester or other key figures in the conflict. [14] Henry fought his next military campaign in Normandy, from 1111 onwards, where rebels led by Robert of Bellme were opposing his rule. [139][nb 19], Robert took Stephen back to Gloucester, where the King met with the Empress Matilda, and was then moved to Bristol Castle, traditionally used for holding high-status prisoners. [157] Stephen began re-establishing his authority. [100] Stephen's wife Matilda was sent to negotiate another agreement between Stephen and David, called the treaty of Durham; Northumbria and Cumbria would effectively be granted to David and his son Henry, in exchange for their fealty and future peace along the border. [250], Stephen of Blois married Matilda of Boulogne in 1125. [7] [17] [18] Between 1979 and 2009, he was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, widely viewed as one of the Though not as well-used or fashionable as it was in its heyday -- it was a Top 25 name from 1946 to 1957 -- it's still a widely used name. [155] Queen Matilda and William of Ypres then encircled the Angevin forces with their own army, reinforced with fresh troops from London. [21], In 1120, the English political landscape changed dramatically. The name, in both the forms Stephen and Steven, is often shortened to Steve or Stevie. Following their 127-118 victory on the road against the Washington Wizards on Monday afternoon, Golden State Warriors head coach Steve Kerr compared Stephen Curry to Michael Jordan. From Latin Stephanus, from Ancient Greek (Stphanos), from (stphanos, crown, wreath), from (stph, to put round, to surround) . [166], In late 1143, Stephen faced a new threat in the east, when Geoffrey de Mandeville, Earl of Essex, rose up in rebellion against him in East Anglia. One of the first seven deacons of the Christian Church, Saint Stephen is also the first Christian to be martyred for the Faith (hence the title, often applied to him, of protomartyr that is, "first martyr"). The early years of Stephen's reign were largely successful, despite a series of attacks on his possessions in England and Normandy by David I of Scotland, Welsh rebels, and the Empress Matilda's husband Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. [103] Only a handful of earldoms had existed under Henry I and these had been largely symbolic in nature. WebStephen became increasingly concerned with ensuring that his son Eustace would inherit his throne. As he stepped into a congressional elevator, Santos told reporters he would not resign unless 142 people told him to quit. 165, 167; Stringer, pp. Roger and his family were also enemies of Waleran, who disliked their control of the royal administration. [150] Waleran's twin brother, Robert of Leicester, effectively withdrew from fighting in the conflict at the same time. [53] David I of Scotland invaded the north on the news of Henry's death, taking Carlisle, Newcastle and other key strongholds. [14], Henry became a powerful patron of Stephen, and probably chose to support him because Stephen was part of his extended family and a regional ally, yet not sufficiently wealthy or powerful in his own right to represent a threat to either the King or his heir, William Adelin. Stephen Colbert brings his signature satire and comedy to The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, the #1 show in late night, where he talks with an eclectic mix of guests about what is new and relevant in the worlds of politics, entertainment, business, music, technology and more. [110][nb 14], Stephen's brother, Henry of Blois, was alarmed by this, both as a matter of principle, since Stephen had previously agreed in 1135 to respect the freedoms of the church, and more pragmatically because he himself had recently built six castles and had no desire to be treated in the same way. Crouch (2008b), pp. Barlow, p. 111; Koziol, p. 17; Thompson, p. 3. As a result, slow sieges to starve defenders out, or mining operations to undermine walls, tended to be preferred by commanders over direct assaults. [120] Another theory is that Stephen released Matilda out of a sense of chivalry; he was certainly known for having a generous, courteous personality and women were not normally expected to be targeted in Anglo-Norman warfare. King (2010), pp. [128] Stephen responded quickly, taking an army into the fens and using boats lashed together to form a causeway that allowed him to make a surprise attack on the isle. Aubrey threatened that Stephen would complain to the pope that he was being harassed by the English church, and the council let the matter rest following an unsuccessful appeal to Rome. [25] In the middle of this confrontation, Henry unexpectedly fell ill and died near Lyons-la-Fort. Stephen was one of the seven men chosen to be responsible over the distribution of food to widows in the early church after a dispute arose and the apostles recognized they needed help. [232] Henry of Huntingdon, who lived in the east of England, produced the Historia Anglorum that provides a regional account of the reign. [130] In an effort to negotiate a truce, Henry of Blois held a peace conference at Bath, to which Stephen sent his wife. WebStephen Colletti (born February 7, 1986) is an American actor and television personality. Matilda and Geoffrey suspected that they lacked genuine support in England, and proposed to Henry in 1135 that the King should hand over the royal castles in Normandy to Matilda whilst he was still alive and insist on the Norman nobility swearing immediate allegiance to her, thereby giving the couple a much more powerful position after Henry's death. WebText me: 7034203579 LA-based Producer/Songwriter/Musician MGMT / BOOKING / PRESS https://heroic.family/artist/stephen/ He portrayed Chase Adams on The CW drama series One Tree Hill [2] [3] [4] and appeared for two seasons on the MTV reality television series Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County. [40] The landless Flemish nobleman William of Ypres had joined Stephen's household in 1133. [185][nb 21] Many of the barons were making individual peace agreements with each other to secure their lands and war gains. WebStephen Hawking. [93] In France, Geoffrey of Anjou took advantage of the situation by re-invading Normandy. His father died while Stephen was still young, and he was brought up by his mother. With some distressing scenes Turn on Parental controls. [158] Possibly this illness was the result of his imprisonment the previous year, but he finally recovered and travelled north to raise new forces and to successfully convince Ranulf of Chester to change sides once again. Biblical: Stephen was the first Christian martyr. The name, in both the forms Stephen and Steven, is often shortened to Steve or Stevie. Stephen, also called Stephen Of Blois, (born c. 1097died Oct. 25, 1154, Dover, Kent, Eng. [214] Eustace's death removed an obvious claimant to the throne and was politically convenient for those seeking a permanent peace in England. [29] At the same time, tensions continued to grow as a result of Henry's domestic policies, in particular the high level of revenue he was raising to pay for his various wars. [162], The war between the two sides in England reached a stalemate in the mid-1140s, while Geoffrey of Anjou consolidated his hold on power in Normandy. (2000) "Stephen of Blois, count of Mortain and Boulogne". As he stepped into a congressional elevator, Santos told reporters he would not resign unless 142 people told him to quit. In 1138, the Empress's half-brother Robert of Gloucester rebelled against Stephen, threatening civil war. [17] In 1113, Stephen was granted both the title and the honour, although without the lands previously held by William in England. WebThe name Stephen is boy's name of Greek origin meaning "garland, crown". War and society in medieval and early modern Britain. [176] In the north, Stephen came to a fresh agreement with Ranulf of Chester, but then in 1146 repeated the ruse he had played on Geoffrey de Mandeville in 1143, first inviting Ranulf to court, before arresting him and threatening to execute him unless he handed over a number of castles, including Lincoln and Coventry. King, Edmund. [138] Robert and Ranulf's cavalry encircled Stephen's centre, and the King found himself surrounded by the enemy army. (eds) (2001), Rielly, Edward J. [176] The war in the west progressed better in 1145, with the King recapturing Faringdon Castle in Oxfordshire. ), king of England from 1135 to 1154. [107] With their new lands, the power of the Beamounts grew to the point where David Crouch suggests that it became "dangerous to be anything other than a friend of Waleran" at Stephen's court. [37] Stephen also had a personal Augustinian confessor appointed to him by the Archbishop of Canterbury, who implemented a penitential regime for him, and Stephen encouraged the new order of Cistercians to form abbeys on his estates, winning him additional allies within the church. [207], Henry FitzEmpress returned to England again at the start of 1153 with a small army, supported in the north and east of England by Ranulf of Chester and Hugh Bigod. [18] Stephen was also given lands in Alenon in southern Normandy by Henry, but the local Normans rebelled, seeking assistance from Fulk IV, Count of Anjou. Stephen responded by seizing his personal wealth, which caused some discontent amongst the senior clergy. [94] Despite this victory, however, David still occupied most of the north. Henry vigorously re-established royal authority in the aftermath of the civil war, dismantling castles and increasing revenues, although several of these trends had begun under Stephen. His prestige and power increased further when he unexpectedly married the attractive Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine, the recently divorced wife of Louis VII, in 1152. [8], Stephen had at least four brothers and one sister, along with two probable half-sisters. Edmund King disagrees that the Empress received an invitation to. [30] Conflict was curtailed, however, by the power of the King's personality and reputation. [29], Stephen was a well established figure in Anglo-Norman society by 1135. He was also "full of Gods grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people" (Acts 6:8). [82] Stephen formed an army to retake it, but the frictions between his Flemish mercenary forces led by William of Ypres and the local Norman barons resulted in a battle between the two halves of his army. [26], With William Adelin dead, Henry had only one other legitimate child, the future Empress Matilda, but as a woman she was at a substantial political disadvantage. [15] Stephen probably first visited England in either 1113 or 1115, almost certainly as part of Henry's court. Stephen is kind hearted and family oriented. [42] The King then appointed him Bishop of Winchester, one of the richest bishoprics, allowing him to retain Glastonbury as well. Though not as well-used or fashionable as it was in its heyday -- it was a Top 25 name from 1946 to 1957 -- it's still a widely used name. Stephen began to examine a negotiated peace, a process hastened by the sudden death of Eustace. King (2010), p. 9; Crouch (2002), p. 241. [192][nb 22], Although still young, Henry was increasingly gaining a reputation as an energetic and capable leader. [149] Many started to leave Stephen's faction. King, Edmund. [174] Miles of Gloucester, one of the most talented Angevin commanders, had died whilst hunting over the previous Christmas, relieving some of the pressure in the west. WebThe name Stephen is boy's name of Greek origin meaning "garland, crown". [68] Stephen issued a new royal charter, confirming the promises he had made to the church, promising to reverse Henry I's policies on the royal forests and to reform any abuses of the royal legal system. [101] Ranulf devised a plan for dealing with the problem by ambushing Henry whilst the prince was travelling back from Stephen's court to Scotland after Christmas. Prince Harry continued his publicity blitz on Tuesday, January 10th, with a good-natured pre-taped appearance on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert! Ken Follett: The Transformation of a Writer. Stephen Stephen is an innocent and honest person, yet full of unexpected surprises. Though not as well-used or fashionable as it was in its heyday -- it was a Top 25 name from 1946 to 1957 -- it's still a widely used name. [197], Stephen's relationship with the church deteriorated badly towards the end of his reign. [36] Chroniclers recorded that despite his wealth and power he was a modest and easy-going leader, happy to sit with his men and servants, casually laughing and eating with them. [222] After a busy summer in 1154, however, Stephen travelled to Dover to meet Thierry, Count of Flanders; some historians believe that the King was already ill and preparing to settle his family affairs. Stephen Stephen is an innocent and honest person, yet full of unexpected surprises. In 1153, the Empress's son Henry invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. WebWhat does Stephen mean? The Beaumont twins and their younger brother and cousins received the majority of these new earldoms. [58][nb 8], Stephen's new Anglo-Norman kingdom had been shaped by the Norman conquest of England in 1066, followed by the Norman expansion into south Wales over the coming years. [248] Peters' depiction of Stephen's reign is an essentially local narrative, focused on the town of Shrewsbury and its environs. [175] Geoffrey de Mandeville's rebellion continued until September 1144, when he died during an attack on Burwell. [241][nb 24] The late-Victorian scholar Frederic William Maitland also introduced the possibility that Stephen's reign marked a turning point in English legal historythe so-called "tenurial crisis". Edmund King believes the attack never got close to York; R. Davis believes that it did and was deterred by the presence of Stephen's forces. Henry had increased the authority and capabilities of the central royal administration, often bringing in "new men" to fulfil key positions rather than using the established nobility. [95] The armies of the period centred on bodies of mounted, armoured knights, supported by infantry and crossbowmen. [216] Meanwhile, Stephen's brother Henry of Blois and Archbishop Theobald of Canterbury were for once unified in an effort to broker a permanent peace between the two sides, putting pressure on Stephen to accept a deal. Historian David Crouch suggests that Stephen effectively "bowed out of Wales" around this time to concentrate on his other problems. The spelling as He was known for his qualities as a statesman, his military experience, and leadership ability. In 1153, the Empress's son Henry invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. [227] Stephen's son William was confirmed as the Earl of Surrey by Henry, and prospered under the new regime, with the occasional point of tension with Henry. Robert of Gloucester had garrisoned the ports of Dover and Canterbury and some accounts suggest that they refused Stephen access when he first arrived. [57] Theobald then agreed to the Normans' proposal that he be made king, only to find that his former support immediately ebbed away: the barons were not prepared to support the division of England and Normandy by opposing Stephen, who subsequently financially compensated Theobald, who in return remained in Blois and supported his brother's succession. [231] All of the main chronicler accounts carry significant regional biases in how they portray the disparate events. Davies, R. H. C. (1964) "What happened in Stephen's reign 113554?". S tephen as a boys' name is pronounced STEE-ven, STEF-en. [213], In the aftermath of Wallingford, Stephen and Henry spoke together privately about a potential end to the war; Stephen's son Eustace, however, was furious about the peaceful outcome at Wallingford. [134] When the news reached Stephen, he held a council to decide whether to give battle or to withdraw and gather additional soldiers: Stephen decided to fight, resulting in the Battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141. He's a devoted Christian and is very passionate about his beliefs while keeping an open mind. [249] In contrast, he is depicted unsympathetically in both Ken Follett's historical novel The Pillars of the Earth and the TV mini-series adapted from it. [116][nb 16] The Empress stayed at Arundel Castle, whilst Robert marched north-west to Wallingford and Bristol, hoping to raise support for the rebellion and to link up with Miles of Gloucester, a capable military leader who took the opportunity to renounce his fealty to the King. Stephen William Hawking CH CBE FRS FRSA (8 January 1942 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who, at the time of his death, was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge. He stabilised the northern border with Scotland, contained Geoffrey's attacks on Normandy, was at peace with Louis VI, enjoyed good relations with the church and had the broad support of his barons. [129] Nigel escaped to Gloucester, but his men and castle were captured, and order was temporarily restored in the east. It is of Greek origin, and the meaning of Stephen is "garland, crown". [100], Stephen's military campaign in England had progressed well, and historian David Crouch describes it as "a military achievement of the first rank". [143] Henry handed over the royal treasury, rather depleted except for Stephen's crown, to the Empress, and excommunicated many of Stephen's supporters who refused to switch sides. Opinions vary considerably among historians as to the date of Stephen's birth. [125] He then left behind some forces to blockade the castle and continued west into Wiltshire to attack Trowbridge Castle, taking the castles of South Cerney and Malmesbury en route. Other supporters of the Empress were restored in their former strongholds, such as Bishop Nigel of Ely, or received new earldoms in the west of England. [171] By this point, however, Stephen's practice of inviting barons to court and arresting them had brought him into some disrepute and increasing distrust. [33] Nonetheless, relations between Henry, Matilda, and Geoffrey became increasingly strained towards the end of the King's life. In other parts of Europe, including Normandy and England, the tradition was for lands to be divided up, with the eldest son taking patrimonial landsusually considered to be the most valuableand younger sons being given smaller, or more recently acquired, partitions or estates. [94] Stephen himself went west in an attempt to regain control of Gloucestershire, first striking north into the Welsh Marches, taking Hereford and Shrewsbury, before heading south to Bath. [203], Nonetheless, the pressure on Stephen to get Eustace confirmed as his legitimate heir continued to grow. The royal control over the minting of coins broke down, leading to coins being struck by local barons and bishops across the country. [100] The King took the opportunity of his military advantage to forge a peace agreement with Scotland. He left his father and returned home to Cambridge to gather more funds for a fresh campaign, where he fell ill and died the next month. [46], Theobald met with the Norman barons and Robert of Gloucester at Lisieux on 21 December. [187] Geoffrey and Matilda's son, the future King Henry II of England, mounted a small mercenary invasion of England in 1147 but the expedition failed, not least because Henry lacked the funds to pay his men. 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